Resources
Other websites that may be helpful to detransitioners
Biological Integrity created by the American College of Pediatricians
Home | SEGM Society for Evidenced-based Gender Medicine
Articles on medical risks of interventions
Frontiers | Fertility preservation: is there a model for gender-dysphoric youth? (frontiersin.org)
Trump Tells the Truth About ‘Trans’ Children – WSJ
Sanity returns as feds condemn trans treatments for kids (nypost.com)
Pediatric Gender Affirming Care is Not Evidence-based | Current Sexual Health Reports (springer.com)
Transgender care leader shares concerns about the field (archive.is)
NHS to launch first service for trans patients who want to return to birth gender (telegraph.co.uk)
‘I regret my transgender surgery – I can’t wait to use the new NHS detransition service’
Scientific and other article related to complications for surgical sex trait modifications
Alba, Brandon, Ian T. Nolan, Brielle Weinstein, and Loren Schechter. “Discussion: Complications Following Breast Augmentation in Transfeminine Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 153, no. 6 (June 2024): 1252–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000010922.
Aristizábal, Alejandra, María Ríos-Sánchez, Joseph M. Escandón, Dean DeRoberts, Enrique Armenta, Gabriel Del Corral, Andrés Mascaro, and Oscar J. Manrique. “Body Contouring as Gender-Affirming Surgery in Transgender Patients: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 12 (January 2024): 3523. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123523.
Bishop, Mark D, Jane Morgan-Daniel, and Meryl J Alappattu. “Pain and Dysfunction Reported After Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Scoping Review.” Physical Therapy 103, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): pzad045. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzad045.
Blasdel, Gaines, Geolani W. Dy, Dmitriy Nikolavsky, Cecile A. Ferrando, Rachel Bluebond-Langner, and Lee C. Zhao. “Urinary Reconstruction in Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery: Checking Our Surgical Complication Blind Spots.” Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 153, no. 4 (April 2024): 792e–803e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000010813.
Boston Children’s Hospital Center for Gender Surgery. “Deciding between Phalloplasty and Metoidioplasty,” 2024. https://www.childrenshospital.org/sites/default/files/media_migration/c81bcb62-cfee-4927-bd6e-f0231cfdb691.pdf.
Dominoni, Mattia, Annachiara Licia Scatigno, Marianna Francesca Pasquali, Carola Bergante, Fulvio Gariboldi, and Barbara Gardella. “Pelvic Floor and Sexual Dysfunctions after Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 22, no. 1 (January 3, 2025): 184–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdae146.
Fascelli, Michele, Finn Hennig, and Geolani W. Dy. “Penile and Testicular Prosthesis Following Gender-Affirming Phalloplasty and Scrotoplasty: A Narrative Review and Technical Insights.” Translational Andrology and Urology 12, no. 10 (October 2023): 1568–80. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-23-122.
Fascelli, Michele, Kamran P. Sajadi, Daniel D. Dugi, and Geolani W. Dy. “Urinary Symptoms after Genital Gender-Affirming Penile Construction, Urethral Lengthening and Vaginectomy.” Translational Andrology and Urology 12, no. 5 (May 2023): 932–43. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-22-675.
Ferrando, Cecile A. “Updates on Feminizing Genital Affirmation Surgery (Vaginoplasty) Techniques.” Neurourology and Urodynamics 42, no. 5 (June 2023): 931–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.25088.
Ferrin, Peter C., Danielle Eble, Ellie A. Moeller, Kelsey Isbester, and Blair R. Peters. “Defining a Danger Zone for Iatrogenic Long Thoracic Nerve Injury in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy.” Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 100 (January 2025): 362–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2024.11.046.
Fraiman, Elad, Devika Nandwana, Matthew Loria, Kelly Chambers, Stephen Rhodes, Rachel Pope, Kyle Scarberry, Shubham Gupta, and Kirtishri Mishra. “Complication and Explantation Rates of Penile Prostheses in Transmasculine Patients: A Meta-Analysis.” Urology 194 (December 2024): 260–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2024.08.022.
Gilbert, David, Aishwarya Gautam, Tomasz Tabernacki, Stephen Rhodes, Megan McNamara, Swagata Banik, Rachel Pope, Shubham Gupta, and Kirtishri Mishra. “Rates of Urinary Tract Infection in Transgender Women Postvaginoplasty vs Cisgender Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large US Health Network.” Urology 188 (June 2024): 150–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2024.04.004.
Gonzalez, Gabriela, and Jennifer T. Anger. “Voiding Dysfunction in Transgender Patients: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.” Current Urology Reports 26, no. 1 (December 2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-024-01234-4.
GrS Montreal. “Phalloplasty (2024),” 2024. https://www.grsmontreal.com/en/surgeries/female-to-male/6-phalloplasty.html.
Hallarn, Jason, Greta R Bauer, Emery Potter, Hannah Wilcox, Jacy Newfeld, Yonah Krakowsky, Jacques Ravel, and Jessica L Prodger. “Gynecological Concerns and Vaginal Practices and Exposures among Transfeminine Individuals Who Have Undergone Vaginoplasty.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 20, no. 11 (October 31, 2023): 1344–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdad109.
Headon, Hannah, Adbul Kasem, and Kefah Mokbel. “Capsular Contracture after Breast Augmentation: An Update for Clinical Practice.” Archives of Plastic Surgery 42, no. 5 (September 2015): 532–43. https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2015.42.5.532.
Kamali, Alexander, Helena Sackey, Isak Gran, Hannes Sigurjónsson, Filip Farnebo, Kalle Lundgren, Fredrik Granath, and Pehr Sommar. “Implant Attributes or Patient Characteristics? Factors Affecting Outcome after Breast Augmentation in Transgender Women.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): e4645. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004645.
Kühn, Shafreena, Seirah Keval, Robert Sader, Lara Küenzlen, Marcus Kiehlmann, Gabriel Djedovic, Ahmet Bozkurt, and Ulrich Michael Rieger. “Mastectomy in Female-to-Male Transgender Patients: A Single-Center 24-Year Retrospective Analysis.” Archives of Plastic Surgery 46, no. 05 (September 2019): 433–40. https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2018.01214.
Liu, Chenyu, Mohammed Shahid, Qian Yu, Susan Orra, Bharat Ranganath, and Jerry W. Chao. “Complications Following Breast Augmentation in Transfeminine Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 153, no. 6 (June 1, 2024): 1240–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000010691.
Miller, Travis J., Stelios C. Wilson, Jonathan P. Massie, Shane D. Morrison, and Thomas Satterwhite. “Breast Augmentation in Male-to-Female Transgender Patients: Technical Considerations and Outcomes.” JPRAS Open 21 (September 2019): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpra.2019.03.003.
Miroshnychenko, Anna, Yetiani M. Roldan, Sara Ibrahim, Chan Kulatunga-Moruzi, Kristen Dahlin, Steven Montante, Rachel Couban, Gordon Guyatt, and Romina Brignardello-Petersen. “Mastectomy for Individuals with Gender Dysphoria Younger Than 26 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 155, no. 6 (June 2025): 915–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011734.
Ortengren, Christopher D., Gaines Blasdel, Ella A. Damiano, Peter D. Scalia, Tamara S. Morgan, Pamela Bagley, Heather B. Blunt, et al. “Urethral Outcomes in Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty Gender Affirming Surgery (MaPGAS) and Vaginectomy: A Systematic Review.” Translational Andrology and Urology 11, no. 12 (December 2022): 1762–70. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-22-174.
Patel, Harsh, Yasmina Samaha, Graham Ives, Tian-Yu Lee, Xiaojiang Cui, and Edward Ray. “Chest Feminization in Male-to-Female Transgender Patients: A Review of Options.” Transgender Health 6, no. 5 (October 2021): 244–55. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2020.0057.
Potter, Emery, Marudan Sivagurunathan, Kathleen Armstrong, Lucy C Barker, Janice Du Mont, Gianni R. Lorello, Alexandra Millman, David R. Urbach, and Yonah Krakowsky. “Patient Reported Symptoms and Adverse Outcomes Seen in Canada’s First Vaginoplasty Postoperative Care Clinic.” Neurourology and Urodynamics 42, no. 2 (February 2023): 523–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.25132.
Reddy, Soumya A., Charla Holdren, Pooja Srikanth, Curtis N. Crane, and Richard A. Santucci. “Urethroplasty Methods for Stricture Repair After Gender Affirming Phalloplasty: High Failure Rates in a Hostile Surgical Field.” Urology 179 (September 2023): 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2023.06.020.
Rifkin, William J., Isabel S. Robinson, Carmen Kloer, Courtney N. Cripps, Carter J. Boyd, Gaines Blasdel, Lee C. Zhao, and Rachel Bluebond-Langner. “Gender-Affirming Mastectomy: Comparison of Periareolar and Double Incision Patterns.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open 10, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): e4356. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004356.
Rysin, Roman, Ron Skorochod, and Yoram Wolf. “Implications of Testosterone Therapy on Wound Healing and Operative Outcomes of Gender-Affirming Chest Masculinization Surgery.” Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 81 (June 2023): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2022.11.057.
Schoffer, AK and others. “Complications and Satisfaction in Transwomen Receiving Breast Augmentation: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.” Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 305 (2022).
Sheth, Radhika, Apoorva Bhaskara, Haley Brown, Cara D Varley, Amber Streifel, Marissa Maier, Monica K Sikka, and Christopher Evans. “Infections Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Single-Center Experience.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2024): ofae526. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae526.
Spence, Chapin, Hadley Beauregard, Elizabeth R. Boskey, and Frances W. Grimstad. “Qualitative Assessment of Provider Approaches to Dilation after Vaginoplasty.” Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 38, no. 3 (June 2025): 403–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2024.11.006.
Tang, Annie, J. Carlo Hojilla, Jordan E. Jackson, Kara A. Rothenberg, Rebecca C. Gologorsky, Douglas A. Stram, Colin M. Mooney, Stephanie L. Hernandez, and Karen M. Yokoo. “Gender-Affirming Mastectomy Trends and Surgical Outcomes in Adolescents.” Annals of Plastic Surgery 88, no. 4 (May 2022): S325–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000003135.
Tran, Stephanie, Cyrille Guillot-Tantay, Paul Sabbagh, Adrien Vidart, Pierre-Olivier Bosset, Thierry Lebret, Xavier Biardeau, Aurélie Schirmann, and François-Xavier Madec. “Systematic Review of Neovaginal Prolapse After Vaginoplasty in Trans Women.” European Urology Open Science 66 (August 2024): 101–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2024.06.013.
Van Der Meulen, Isabelle S, Sara L Bungener, Anna I R Van Der Miesen, Sabine E Hannema, Baudewijntje P C Kreukels, Thomas D Steensma, Mark-Bram Bouman, and Annelou L C De Vries. “Timing of Puberty Suppression in Transgender Adolescents and Sexual Functioning after Vaginoplasty.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 22, no. 1 (January 3, 2025): 196–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdae152.
Van Der Sluis, Wouter B., Tim Schäfer, Tim H.J. Nijhuis, and Mark-Bram Bouman. “Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery for Transgender Women.” Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 86 (February 2023): 102297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.102297.
Wang, Annie M.Q., Vivian Tsang, Peter Mankowski, Daniel Demsey, Alex Kavanagh, and Krista Genoway. “Outcomes Following Gender Affirming Phalloplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Sexual Medicine Reviews 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.03.002.
Zaveri, Shruti, Alice Yao, and Hank Schmidt. “Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Following Gender Reassignment Surgery: A Review of Presentation, Management, and Outcomes in the Transgender Patient Population.” European Journal of Breast Health 16, no. 3 (July 2020): 162–66. https://doi.org/10.5152/ejbh.2020.5480.